关键词: 数字素养, 算法治理, 核心素养, 权利保障, 伦理法治

Abstract:

As technological disciplinary power increasingly becomes a dominant paradigm of social governance in the digital age, citizens face dual challenges of power imbalance and capability deficiency within algorithm-driven data structures. Digital literacy is not only a fundamental competence but also a crucial safeguard for maintaining subjectivity and rights in the digital era. This paper, based on a “capability-rights-rule of law” framework, proposes a four-tiered capability pyramid model comprising digital cognition, skills, security awareness, and ethical-legal consciousness. The paper argues that deficiencies in any of these dimensions lead to the hollowing out of rights and digital disempowerment. A tripartite institutional response system is constructed, consisting of normative rights protection, behavioral boundaries, and responsibility allocation. The authors emphasize the dual paths of algorithm governance legislation and rights protection through data governance, alongside shared ethical responsibility. Through comparative analysis, the paper draws upon the experiences of the EU’s GDPR, the U.S. COPPA, and Japan’s multi-level governance models, concluding that China's digital literacy governance should strive for a synergistic approach integrating technology, ethics, and institutional design. The study concludes that only through simultaneous institutional enhancement of both digital capabilities and rights, and by building a legal protection mechanism that is systematic, equitable, and interpretable, can the goal of “technology for good” and citizen empowerment be achieved.

Key words: digital literacy, algorithmic governance, core competencies, rights protection, ethics-based rule of law